Of the considerable number of interesting comments yesterday on “Feet”, here are just two:
“Wouldn’t it be truly wonderful if bus companies insisted on having more legroom and more comfortable seats on their new buses”and
“It’s my view that most buses don’t have enough legroom for those of us with longer legs than usual”I have some sympathy with people who want more legroom. Seat pitches are often a constraint, especially for taller people. Men are (apparently) getting taller, thanks to better diets when younger. But a more generous seat pitch equates to fewer seats on a bus, which could lead to standing passengers at peak times. I reckon I know what the average commuter would prefer (except, they’d probably prefer the best of both worlds).
Thanks to the DDA regs, on most SLF single decks, these days, you are lucky to get over 40 seats in a 40-footer (12m bus). That’s a huge penalty when you remember that 36-footers once carried over 50 (e.g. the Leyland National usually configured to 52 and the Bristol RELL to either 50 or 53. On this basis, a step entrance 40-footer, were one available, would seat nearly 60). Even step entrance midibuses got close to the current capacity of a modern super low floor 40-footer. So, by being more generous still with seating, you lose a row of two double seats, reducing seating capacity to something like 36, far less less even than those *30*-footer of yore (usually accommodating 43-45).
I admire those operators who, through choice and commercial decisions, are able to reduce their capacity to make their vehicles more attractive. Wilts & Dorset springs to mind with its 2+1 seating, though this isn’t specifically to do with seat pitch but to create both a welcoming ambiance within and offer individual seating. It works, though it has detractors, those who feel that seating is now too far back from the entrance. But not that many urban operators have the ability to reduce their vehicle capacities, as it comes at a cost of more vehicles required, more standing, or both. Ditto on rural services, where peaks are accentuated by the need to maximise the school load.
The solution, of course, is to upgrade to double decks. Here, an operator might be more lavish with seat pitches. Witness the generosity of Arriva Cymru’s 66-seater Gemini 2s that ply out of Chester [memo to self: remember to ask Northern Correspondent to have a go on them]. Presumably, here, single decks were overloading, while there was no requirement for a full 74-80 seater.
But double decks come with penalties. They cost more in cap ex (though the cost per seat can be cheaper—assuming that there are standard seating capacities!). They drink more fuel. They can more easily be battered by tree boughs. They have a higher engineering overhead. And they’re not always popular, where passengers might prefer to stay on the ground floor: this as a result of anti-social behaviour up top or the plain fact that increasingly passengers are getting older and cannot always climb the stairs.
But even double decks can have standard seat pitches to ensure they operate as economically as possible. It’s all a bit of a dilemma. But there’s one other reason why double decks might be a bad move these days and this will need to await another occasion. Meanwhile, operators will have to continue to trade off more legroom against the cost of more vehicles, or expensive expensive ones, or more standing.
Photo: Omnibuses’ Northern Correspondent at Coventry (anyone know on which bus?)


35 comments:
Not sure I fully agree, but it's a difficult condundrum anyway.
Unless the modern bus is made more attractive to those used to travelling by car there is little hope of growing, or even retaining, passenger numbers.
Too ittle legroom simply means that many passengers have to sit sideways and take up two seats, so the overall capacity issue may actually worsen.
The DDA issue is certainly a factor from a commercial point of view. But I think much more could be done to improve comfort. The balancing act is how much extra custom could be attracted before the law of diminishing returns kicked in. Do bus builders or specifiers ever involve passengers at the design stage? Why do I have to travel on overheated stage buses in the summer - the drivers aren't allowed to turn off the heaters round our way! The balance needs addressing.
"Too ittle legroom simply means that many passengers have to sit sideways and take up two seats, so the overall capacity issue may actually worsen."
Indeed, and on regional services luggage ends up on seats. (Is that the reason the London 205 "son of Stationlink" has excellent legroom upstairs, far more than any other deckers I've experienced? You can put your bags in front of your knees? I certainly remember hearing this as a justification for the excellent legroom on the Class 175 and 180 units on t'railway)
One more recent problem with buses, though, is that seat backs have got thicker, and spacing has not increased. 1980s-style benches have a thick cushion and a very thin, flat back, so there's a bit more space and your legs can lean against the seat without it being painful in any position. Modern modular seats (and very old benches) have far thicker backs, and in the case of modern seats are contoured so your knee can get wedged painfully.
A lot of research has gone into providing extremely thin-backed seating on aircraft while retaining (as much) comfort (as possible). Is this also the solution for buses?
Neil
Given a choice, I will always head upstairs for a seat. You get the grandstand view from a decker, which is unavailable anywhere else for the same price as a gloomy ride down below.
I don't know the identity of the Coventry bus photographed, but I'll wager it was taken upstairs. What a welcoming sight!
I think the interior photo is of either Coventry 333 or 334, both a Daimler CVG6
"Given a choice, I will always head upstairs for a seat."
I generally either stand downstairs or sit upstairs.
Would that suggest that the nice, large, open, flat-floored upstairs bit should contain decent, well-spaced, comfortable seating to encourage people to be bothered to go upstairs, and that seating downstairs should be provided in quantities needed for "priority" use for the use of those who *cannot* get upstairs only?
Neil
DDA has done a lot to make buses far less attractive to the majority of passengers and has discouraged use of buses with many turning to the car.
There needs to be a better balance between DDA requirements & the requirements of the majority of passengers.
The other issue is the cluttering up of buses with prams. Here they should require buses to be folded up at Peak times
In recent years passengers have got larger...take a look at the size of some people,and compare their width to the average bus seat...and so upstairs is largely out of reach for many.
One operator told me they liked smaller capacity single deckers because it made the bus look busy and better loaded to anyone viewing from the outside,compared to 'half-empty' full sized buses.
We've had the discussion about prams before. As a parent of a toddler, I disagree wholeheartedly. The reason I take the bus instead of the car is exactly because I can get on with my pram assembled; the inconvenience of having to wait with a restless toddler at a soaking wet bus stop is compensated for the fact that I don't have to wrestle with the pram four times on a return journey to town. Make me fold up the buggy and I may as well take the car: at least then my restless toddler is strapped in a seat in a warm dry car whilst I'm grappling with the pram.
As for the other drivel about DDA, low floor easy access has made buses more appealing to those with mobility problems: parents, disabled people and elderly people. People like me, with money to spend and a toddler in tow. If bus companies think they can do without my money let them jog on, see how successful you are relying on BSOG and concessionary bus passes.
Capacity hasn't been significantly affected either; a Plaxton Paladin B10M had 48 seats (4 of which were longitudinal over the front wheel arch) but a MAN/ALX300 has 42. For the benefits in comfort and accessibility you get with an ALX300, that's worth six seats of anyone's money.
Alexander Dennis actually are an excellent example of how to make good low-floor buses with sensible designs. Their Enviro-series buses all have seats above the front wheelarches, with some variants of E400 even having seats underneath the staircase. That's a sensible use of space and an E400 has a similar seating capacity to a Royale Olympian.
Progressive companies are specifying buses with increased pitch. Transdev are an excellent example of this with their Eclipse Geminis on the 36 in Harrogate and the X43 in Pendle. They are very busy routes but they understand that big squashy leather chairs with legroom are the way to tempt people out of their cars.
"In recent years passengers have got larger...take a look at the size of some people,and compare their width to the average bus seat...and so upstairs is largely out of reach for many."
Eh? I'm not morbidly obese, but I am 6' 4" and fairly broad, shall we say, and I always go upstairs.
Yet your point means transport operators need to look at greater seat width and pitch, which if you don't want to go for bendies means more deckers...
Neil
"I always go upstairs."
...if I'm travelling far enough that I want a seat at all, I mean. I haven't seen many people on buses recently who physically couldn't go upstairs, except elderly etc for whom seats downstairs should be saved.
Neil
"Alexander Dennis actually are an excellent example of how to make good low-floor buses with sensible designs."
So to some extent is the Optare Solo, if you're talking minibuses/midibuses. Putting the front wheels forward of the driver means your low floor area is nice and wide with no wheelarches in the way.
Neil
Neil,you are obviously large and fit,but I had in mind those pax who are large and a tad too round.
I'm slim and thin,but hate my little knees rubbing the back of the seat in front. I often prefer to stand actually.
"Neil,you are obviously large and fit"
Well, I do carry a bit of lard around, but not enough to prevent me dragging myself up climbing walls from time to time, so I guess so :)
Actually, I tend to find shoulder room a bigger issue. When sitting upstairs on a double decker or near the back on a single decker, I can "expand" into the window space, but downstairs or nearar the front the window is higher so I end up pushed uncomfortably against the side wall.
OK, it would narrow the aisle very slightly, but why not mount the seats about an inch from the wall to allow for the fact that most blokes' upper bodies are wider than their backsides and usually also than the seats?
Not a massive problem on a bench again (just find someone skinny to sit next to), but horribly uncomfortable on modern shaped seats.
Neil
There's another solution, possibly. Rather than going to double-decks, use longer buses. Take the sadly much diminished TrawsCambria network in Ceredigion. The majority of vehicles were Optare Tempo X1200 I beleive, and do not have sufficent legroom for me. However, two of the buses (YJ55BKE and YJ55BKF) are longer, (X1260 Tempos I beleive) with basicly the same seat layout (41 seats in total) but the legroom (at the ground-level seats) is great. You could get a few extra proper seats in on those two buses by replacing the three folding seats on the driver's side (wheelchair space is the other side) with two rows of two propper seats.
Shame Optare have discontinued the Tempo...
I agree with the positive comments about ADL Envoro-series being excellent low floor buses. The small wheels on the E200 allow smaller wheelarch intrusion, and the rear section is not much higher than the low floor section, unlike Volvo B7RLEs etc where the rear passengers sit with their heads up in the roof.
The Optare Solo and also wheel forward Streetlite eliminate front wheel arch intrusion, although larger models have the penalty of a longer wheelbase and thus are less manoeuvrable.
Or bigger deckers?
For some reason, these always seem to be 8-9m or thereabouts in the UK. In London this is probably sensible as 12m ones wouldn't be manoeuvrable enough. But elsewhere?
Magic Bus (Stagecoach) in Manchester had some ex-Kenyan 12m tri-axle deckers a while back. Surprisingly, these weren't "cram-them-in" at all, the legroom was excellent.
Lothian seem to have long-ish Wright Geminis (10.6m?) but I've not seem them elsewhere.
Neil
I disagree about Enviros. On the rare occasions when one of the two really nice X1260 Tempos I mentioned is not running its normal set of trips, an Enviro 200 generally appears instead. It is noiser, rattles more, has a slightly gloomy interior, next to no legroom and feels really cheap compared to the feeling of quality on the Tempos.
I have always thought Alexander Dennis buses didn't seem quite as well screwed-together as others. Though despite appearances, Dennis Darts seem to have lasted well.
That said, you really *cannot* beat the quality of a Mercedes O405. Not even with a Citaro. Shame they never became widely used in the UK.
Neil
Neil,the often quite awful condition in which new buses are delivered to operators is worth a topic on its own.
The pre-delivery inspection must be done by a bloke with a guide dog in some cases...East Lancs 'as was' springs to mind.
An operator I know used to allow about a week of snagging prior to letting new vehicles out.
If you bought a private car put together like some buses were,or maybe still are,it would be front page news !
Anyone remember the good old days of hearing a small screw rolling around on the ceiling panel above your head...our local EL Atlanteans had their fair share of them !
"DDA has done a lot to make buses far less attractive to the majority of passengers and has discouraged use of buses with many turning to the car.
There needs to be a better balance between DDA requirements & the requirements of the majority of passengers.
The other issue is the cluttering up of buses with prams. Here they should require buses to be folded up at Peak times"
I, like David, cannot disagree much more with this. What evidence is there to substantiate this?
Firstly, we must look at the main users of bus services in the UK, especially during the day. Step free buses have been well received by many pensioners and young mothers. In fact, many pensioners now complain when their local service doesn't get its usual low floor and gets a step floor Dart or decker (usually covering a breakdown).
That being said, there are some poor low floor designs. The worst, in my opinion, was the Plaxton Prestige as supplied to Arriva in the North East, Shires and Yorkshire. Dreadful internal design to complement the poor performance of the vehicle itself!
Anonymous said...
"DDA has done a lot to make buses far less attractive to the majority of passengers.."
Not sure it is specifically the DDA that is at fault in this respect. Part of the problem is that low floors are (inevitably) lower relative to all other parts of the vehicle, and features, notably the wheelarches, and much more intrusive. This prevents a neat and efficient layout of the seats, and may result in seats at the front being higher than some of those further back. The wheelarches may affect a larger number of seats than would be the case if the floor was higher. The end result is a seating layout that is inefficient in its use of space, and is also unattractive to the passenger.
While I do not dispute that the low floor layout has provided access to bus services for people with disabilities, I am not sure that low floor is the only or best solution in all cases. A higher flat floor with a lift in the door area may well provide a better solution for less intensively used services where journeys are longer and therefore more comfort is needed. A double decker with a large unseated area on the lower deck near to the door (for wheelchair users, etc) may be another solution.
Alexander Dennis E300 back row is dreadful and you really do need to have small legs.
All this to get 46 seats in.
Although I'm not hugely tall (5'10" from tip to toe) I do have long-ish legs for my height. I'm well used to the quest for a comfortable seat. Often it's a case of a sideways-facing seat or one that doesn't have another seat in front of it.
The E200s that ply my local route do have one row with decent legroom, the second row back on the right, but when I sit there, a rather spherical lady gets on a few stops down and sits next to me, meaning that while I have legroom, I don't have enough width :-(
UK deckers are around 10.7m with ones around 10.3m in London.
Lothian's long ones are around 11.3m, like the Borismaster.
The irony of the DDA regulations is that they have been overtaken by events. How often nowadays do you see anyone using an old style hand propelled wheelchair? I would suggest very seldom. Almost all disabled people today use battery powered buggies which are constantly increasing in size and most are simply too big to enter a bus or fit in the designated space anyway.
What was intended for the disabled has, to a large extent, been appropriated by parents with baby buggies and there's nothing wrong with that, if it's convenient, but it has to be said, it tends to make people lazy. All baby buggies fold up, so what happens if the bus is full or there are two or three buggies already on board? Will the intending passenger/parent say 'Never mind, I'll wait 15 minutes for the next one'? I wouldn't think so!
A low floor vehicle may be better for elderly passengers but ask them if they would rather have a seat when they are on board and I think you could guess the answer. I think it's quite wrong to presume that anyone over 65 is incapable of negotiating a step and most wouldn't want to be regarded as such, just as insulting as the 'Elderly People' sign which portrays a couple, bent double and both using walking sticks!
"Anyone remember the good old days of hearing a small screw rolling around on the ceiling panel above your head...our local EL Atlanteans had their fair share of them !"
I think that was mandatory on all double-deckers on Oxford Road in Manchester...
"While I do not dispute that the low floor layout has provided access to bus services for people with disabilities, I am not sure that low floor is the only or best solution in all cases. A higher flat floor with a lift in the door area may well provide a better solution for less intensively used services where journeys are longer and therefore more comfort is needed."
I would say that for "regional" limited-stop services a coach-type vehicle with a lift, such as those used on the UCOC X5, should be the standard, really. Those sorts of service have some hope of attracting people from cars.
"A double decker with a large unseated area on the lower deck near to the door (for wheelchair users, etc) may be another solution."
I think with low-floor deckers the best idea is that the downstairs seating is intended only for those who cannot go upstairs, not those who can't be bothered. You can then provide a larger wheelchair/pram area usable as standing space if none of those are present on board.
Upstairs, you have a large, open, flat-floored area for choosing an appropriate seating layout.
Add a rear door and you could reinstate the central pole, as they do in Hamburg. This improves massively passenger flow (especially if you have some kind of ticketing system that can be "touched in" on the right without having to speak to the driver), and makes it easier to board for those who really do need handrails to board even a low-floor bus.
Neil
"UK deckers are around 10.7m with ones around 10.3m in London.
Lothian's long ones are around 11.3m, like the Borismaster."
How much extra does the additional 0.6m cost?
In cities where that length isn't an issue, it would seem an obvious solution to buy that longer length, but not to increase the number of seats.
Yet nobody does it except Lothian (who, to be fair, use it for adding more seats rather than legroom). Why?
Neil
Buses need more seats. I would suggest as well that at Peak times Prams should be required to be folded.
Another problem is that Prames of ever increasing size seem to be being used so many block the gangway
Given the amount of space prames take up which is typically 3 seats a charge should be made for Unfolded Prams. This would encourage them to fold the prams to save money. Why should they be allowed to occupy 3 seats for nothing?
"Buses need more seats"
This can be achieved by using bigger buses.
You don't see very many 12m deckers in the UK, so there is almost always "one size up".
Neil
If it's a service or area that can comfortably accommodate a longer bus, then I think this is the best solution. However, in many places this would make it very difficult, inconvenient or even impossible to operate some services due to the extra size. It also can reduce flexibility (a smaller bus can go on a lot more services if needed). Perhaps in these cases, it's better go up like many have suggested. Great solution, but then you can easily have a lot of wasted seating capacity if you only have a few too many for a single deck. Also, you might not be able to have double deck either due to low bridges. Another thing is that if a service needs a small bus due to size issues, nobody seems to make double decks less than around 10.2m anymore. What if, for example, you can only currently fit a 8.9m or 9.3m Enviro but you want extra legroom? Can't get a decker that small, although you used to many years ago.
Just a note on the 12m double decks - yes, good point, however most double decks this size need to be tri-axle due to weight. A third axle increases weight and fuel consumption and decreases manoeuvrability.
@ Anonymous
Given the amount of space prames take up which is typically 3 seats a charge should be made for Unfolded Prams. This would encourage them to fold the prams to save money. Why should they be allowed to occupy 3 seats for nothing?
I had this argument not so very long ago with a grumpy gentleman with a serious attitude problem.
He shut up very quickly when I pointed out I'd paid fifteen quid to be on the bus and he'd paid sweet FA.
Should we make the old dears stand on full buses? They haven't paid either, you know.
It's not just Lothian with longer buses, Nottingham has a load as well.
Tri-axle deckers would solve many problems, though extra fuel consumption would indicate that only the most profitable services could justify their use.
I wonder why London seems so reluctant to try out tri-axle double decker buses?
The sightseeing ones get round the London roads perfectly alright and they would absorb a good many more passengers than the shorter ones currently bought. Of course the proper solution would be to use artics !
Or just use the two-axle 11.3m ones Lothian do.
Neil
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